{"id":1657,"date":"2019-12-09T20:58:36","date_gmt":"2019-12-09T20:58:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/9thstreetjournal.org\/?p=1657"},"modified":"2023-03-27T15:52:08","modified_gmt":"2023-03-27T15:52:08","slug":"the-lifecycle-of-a-sexual-assault-evidence-kit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/9thstreetjournal.org\/2019\/12\/09\/the-lifecycle-of-a-sexual-assault-evidence-kit\/","title":{"rendered":"The life cycle of a sexual assault evidence kit"},"content":{"rendered":"

It starts when the emergency room door opens.<\/span><\/p>\n

A victim walks in. She may have been sexually assaulted an hour ago or a day ago, but now, she\u2019s decided to see a doctor. She might walk in with a friend or a parent, or she might sit alone and wait for the sexual assault nurse examiner to arrive. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cI just introduce myself at the beginning,\u201d says Molly Chadbourne, a former sexual assault nurse examiner in Durham who currently trains other nurses. \u201c<\/span>I explain who I am and why I\u2019m there to talk with them. Then, I ask them what they want. Do they want a kit?\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

This is where a sexual assault kit begins. Its life cycle may last months, or even years.<\/span><\/p>\n

The nurse ushers the victim into a small hospital room where they have privacy. Chadbourne likes to start with the easier questions: \u201cWhat\u2019s your medical history? What types of medicine do you take?\u201d Then, she\u2019ll ask the harder question. \u201cCan you tell me what happened to you?\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

The nurse listens, letting the victim take breaks and reminding her that it\u2019s okay to tell her story imperfectly. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWe know that some people aren\u2019t going to remember everything right away, and they might not remember it linearly,\u201d Chadbourne says. \u201cWe have to give people permission to start talking about whatever they can, even if it\u2019s not at the beginning.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

Then, the nurse starts to assemble the kit, a small white cardboard box with \u201cSexual Assault Evidence Collection Kit\u201d printed on the front.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The nurse starts collecting \u201cknown\u201d samples, or the victim\u2019s DNA. She\u2019ll gently swab around the victim\u2019s cheeks, gums, and lips. She\u2019ll ask the victim to take off her underwear and seal it in a bag labeled \u201cUnderpants\u201d. She\u2019ll pluck exactly 50 hairs out of the victim\u2019s head and then comb through her pubic hair, securing any hairs that fall off into a small envelope.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

Then the nurse collects \u201cunknown\u201d samples, which could include the assailant\u2019s DNA. The nurse will swab any place on the body where the victim says she was assaulted. \u201cIt\u2019s anywhere that was licked, bit, or touched by the assailant,\u201d Chadbourne says. <\/span><\/p>\n

She says \u201canything that\u2019s on their body might be relevant\u201d. Victims and nurses alike understand that the victim\u2019s body is a crime scene. <\/span><\/p>\n

The nurse takes photos of the woman, documenting any cuts, scrapes, or bruises. \u201cI offer to let people look at the pictures,\u201d Chadbourne says. \u201cI try to give them as much control over the process as possible.\u201d At any point, she notes, a victim can stop the kit collection. <\/span><\/p>\n

After two hours, the nurse has packed away dozens of cotton swabs, photographs of injuries, and envelopes of hair into the sexual assault kit. She closes the lid of the white cardboard box and places it in storage, where the kit waits for law enforcement to come pick it up the next morning. <\/span><\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

When the kit arrives at the police department, an officer will take a first look. That officer might notice if the kit is connected to a consent case, a case in which the victim and the perpetrator both agree that they had sex, but disagree on whether it was consensual. Three years ago, a consent kit would get put back on the evidence shelves at the police department instead of getting tested. It could stay there <\/span>for over 30 years<\/span><\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWhen I was seeing patients, I couldn\u2019t say to them, \u2018Your kit will never get tested, because you know the person that assaulted you,\u2019\u201d Chadbourne says. \u201cDoing this really invasive process and knowing in the back of your mind that this kit will probably never be tested\u2026 it\u2019s a really hard pill to swallow.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

But today, with <\/span>the statewide push to send all kits to the State Crime Lab<\/span><\/a>, that kit won\u2019t sit on an evidence shelf if it doesn\u2019t meet testing requirements. Instead, an officer will log it into the North Carolina State Crime Lab\u2019s database. A technician at the lab will accept the kit, and the officer will drive it to Raleigh, where the State Crime Lab is located. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWe place the kit into a vault until it\u2019s time to be worked,\u201d says Jody West, forensic sciences manager at the State Crime Lab. \u201cThen we open it up, and start with inventory.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

Every sexual assault kit is a little different <\/span>\u2014 <\/span>\u201cIt\u2019s a box, but it\u2019s not a one-size-fits-all box,\u201d according to Chadbourne <\/span>\u2014 <\/span>and the State Crime Lab takes note of every swab, photo, and hair inside. <\/span><\/p>\n

A lab technician first takes a tiny portion of the swab and uses a chemical to tease out the DNA from its cotton. \u201cIt\u2019s like cracking open an egg and removing the yolk,\u201d West explains. <\/span><\/p>\n

Lab technicians then use a machine to separate the yolk \u2014 human DNA \u2014 from any other type of genetic material. In sexual assault cases, they\u2019re usually looking for male DNA. \u201cThis is the decision point,\u201d West says. \u201cIf we determine there\u2019s not enough male DNA, we\u2019ll stop.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

If the kit moves ahead, it goes through amplification, or copying the yolk. The assailant\u2019s DNA fragments are heated and cycled through a hefty gray machine \u2014 in just <\/span>thirty cycles<\/span><\/a>, a billion copies of that DNA are made.<\/span><\/p>\n

The last step is electrophoresis, or separating the yolk. Analysts use an electric field to detach different fragments of DNA. The result is a complete DNA profile. \u201cIt looks a lot like a heartbeat,\u201d West says. <\/span><\/p>\n

After hours in the emergency room, days with law enforcement and up to five weeks at the lab, this is what a completed sexual assault kit looks like: A series of peaks on a computer screen. <\/span><\/p>\n

Those peaks <\/span>\u2014 <\/span>the DNA profile of the assailant <\/span>\u2014 <\/span>will be entered into a database of millions of offenders across the country. A computer will scan each offender\u2019s profile, checking for a perfect match. If the all of the peaks line up, the computer spits out a name. Then, it\u2019s up to the police to investigate the sexual assault. <\/span><\/p>\n

That is the life cycle of one sexual assault kit. To clear the backlog of 15,160, North Carolina has thousands more to go. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMost people, if they\u2019ve ever heard of a rape kit before, it\u2019s from watching Law and Order SVU,\u201d Chadbourne says. \u201cThey think it gets solved in 60 minutes. The truth is, it doesn\u2019t. It really doesn\u2019t.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

A sexual assault evidence kit. Photo provided by Molly <\/span>Chadbourne<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Resources for survivors:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Durham Crisis Response Center<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network:<\/span> What is a sexual assault forensic exam?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

North Carolina Sexual Assault Kit Tracking\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

North Carolina Office for Victims of Crime: <\/span>Crime compensation<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

It starts when the emergency room door opens. A victim walks in. She may have been sexually assaulted an hour ago or a day ago,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1658,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[75,121,156,254],"class_list":["post-1657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-courthouse-project","tag-crime","tag-durham-police-department","tag-health","tag-sexual-assault","entry"],"yoast_head":"\nThe life cycle of a sexual assault evidence kit - 9th Street Journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/9thstreetjournal.org\/2019\/12\/09\/the-lifecycle-of-a-sexual-assault-evidence-kit\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The life cycle of a sexual assault evidence kit - 9th Street Journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"It starts when the emergency room door opens. 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